The tapemen must carefully align the tape. When measuring distances at night, use flashlights to help align the tape. Use range poles for aligning the tape from station to station. Useful cutting tools, such as axes, hatchets, or machetes, may be issued to the taping team. To get a straight-line clearance between taping points, tapemen may have to clear away vegetation. Often, taping will require the use of other equipment. These notebooks are in addition to the recorder's notebook. Each tapeman keeps a notebook to record distances between stations. The leather thongs allow the tapemen to apply tension to the tape. Attach a leather thong to each end of the tape. Use it in normal taping operations to train new tapemen to recognize the required horizontal plane. Use the hand level when taping distances over steep slopes to help keep the tape on a horizontal plane. Store the plumb bob in the holder when taping operations are not performed. Each tapeman uses a pin and plumb bob holder to carry taping pins during taping operations. This will allow the tape to be read directly above a marked position on the ground. Plumb bobs are used to transfer tape readings to a ground position. When measuring less than a full tape length, the clamping handle permits holding the tape while applying tension. This is a mechanical device that grips the flat steel tape without causing a kink in it. Apply tension until the specified reading (25 pounds for artillery survey) appears on the scale. Clip it to the tape loop at the end of the tape. The tension handle has a linear scale graduated in pounds from 0 to 30. Do not use it in normal everyday surveys. The tension handle is used to train taping personnel to recognize when 25 pounds of tension is exerted on a tape. Properly used, taping pins will prevent a "missed" or "dropped" tape length, a common mistake in distance taping. Taping pins are issued in sets of 11 pins each. The ring and the upper part of the pin are painted red. This will help determine the number of tape lengths measured since the last station. Use taping pins for marking measured tape lengths on the ground. A taping pin is a steel pin pointed on one end with a ring at the other. In addition to a tape, each team is equipped with the following ( Figure 2-1): Each tape is assigned a number that is used for all records about that specific tape (for example, repairs ).ī. At each end of the tape is a blank space. The first decimeter is graduated in millimeter (0.001 meter). Tapes are graduated on one side in meters, decimeters (0.1 meter), and centimeters (0.01 meter). Survey taping teams are equipped with 30-meter steel tapes for measuring linear distances. At night, taping requires additional personnel to assist the front and rear tapemen ( paragraph 2-18). Then he compares his findings with those of the rear tapeman and records the distance in his notebook. The front tapeman independently computes the distance measured. He is responsible for determining and reporting the measured distance to the recorder. The rear tapeman commands the taping team and records all distances in his taping notebook. TAPING TEAMĪ taping team consists of two men-a front tapeman and a rear tapeman. The total distance between the stations is determined by multiplying the number of full tape lengths by the length of the tape and adding the partial tape length. When the distance remaining is less than a full tape length, the team measures the partial tape length. The taping team determines the distance by measuring successive full tape lengths. Usually the distance between stations is more than a full tape length. Measure the horizontal distance between the rear station and the forward station. In this method, all measurements are made with the tape held horizontally. Horizontal taping is used in conventional FA surveys. Distance measurement is a basic operation that every FA surveyor must be able to perform with the tools available. Using the solution of geometric figures by methods such as trig traverse is discussed in Chapter 5. These range from the 30-meter steel tape to electronic instruments. The surveyor has many devices available with which to determine distance. In conventional survey operations, a primary requirement of the survey party is to determine distance between two points.
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